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Glossary that could apply to Angkor Gold Wealth Management's (AGWM) operations in gold trading, investment, and related services:
AML (Anti-Money Laundering): Measures to prevent the flow of illicit money into financial systems.
Bullion: Refined gold or silver in bars or ingots used for trading.
Commodity: A raw material traded on financial markets, like gold.
Derivative: A financial instrument deriving value from an underlying asset like gold.
ETF (Exchange-Traded Fund): Investment funds traded on stock exchanges, often tied to commodities like gold.
Forex (Foreign Exchange): The global marketplace for trading currencies, often linked to gold trading.
Hedging: Risk management strategy to offset potential losses in investments.
KYC (Know Your Customer): Verification process to confirm client identities.
Liquidity: Ease of converting an asset, like gold, into cash without impacting its market price.
Margin Trading: Borrowing funds to trade a financial asset, often gold, with leverage.
Market Price: Current price at which gold can be bought or sold.
Precious Metals: Valuable metals, including gold and silver, used for investments and jewelry.
Refinery: A facility that purifies gold to meet market standards.
Spot Price: The current market price at which gold can be immediately delivered.
Vault: Secure storage for gold and other valuables.
Asset Allocation: The process of distributing investments across various asset classes, such as gold, to balance risk and return.
Assay: Testing and analyzing a metal's composition and quality, commonly performed on gold to ensure purity.
Bid-Ask Spread: The difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept (ask).
Brokerage: A firm or individual that facilitates transactions between buyers and sellers for a commission.
Bull Market: A market condition where prices are rising or are expected to rise, often relevant to gold.
Certificate of Deposit (Gold): A financial product that certifies ownership of a specific quantity of gold stored in a vault.
Clearinghouse: A financial institution that facilitates the settlement of trades and ensures the contractual obligations of parties are met.
Custodian: An entity responsible for holding and safeguarding financial assets, including gold.
Diversification: A risk management strategy that mixes a wide variety of investments within a portfolio.
Exchange Rate: The value of one currency in relation to another, significant in international gold trade.
Fine Gold: Gold with a purity of 99.9% or higher, often referred to as 24-karat gold.
Futures Contract: An agreement to buy or sell a commodity like gold at a predetermined price on a specific date in the future.
Hallmark: A stamp or mark certifying the purity and authenticity of gold.
Hedging Instrument: Tools like options or futures used to mitigate investment risks.
Inflation Hedge: Investments, such as gold, that are expected to maintain or increase in value during periods of inflation.
Interbank Rate: The rate at which banks lend to each other, which can influence gold trading markets.
Investment Grade Gold: High-quality gold that meets purity standards suitable for investment purposes.
Leverage: Using borrowed funds to increase the size of a trading position, which can magnify profits or losses.
Liquidity Provider: An entity or institution that ensures sufficient volume in the market for smooth trading operations.
London Fix: A benchmark price set twice daily for gold, used as a standard for pricing globally.
Market Maker: A firm or individual that provides liquidity by buying and selling securities or commodities like gold.
Mint: An entity authorized to produce coins, often from precious metals like gold.
Net Asset Value (NAV): The total value of an investment fund's assets minus its liabilities, often relevant in gold ETFs.
OTC (Over-the-Counter): A decentralized market where securities, commodities, and derivatives are traded directly between parties.
Portfolio Management: The strategic management of a collection of investments to achieve financial goals.
Premium: The amount above the spot price a buyer pays for a gold product.
Purity: A measure of how much gold is present in a piece relative to other metals or impurities.
Reserve Asset: Gold held by central banks as a store of value and a means to back currency.
Settlement Date: The date by which a trade must be finalized and payment exchanged.
Spread: The difference between the buying and selling price of gold, representing the dealer’s profit.
Swap: A financial agreement to exchange cash flows or assets, including gold, between two parties.
Troy Ounce: A unit of measure for precious metals, equivalent to 31.1035 grams.
Vault Receipt: A document certifying the storage of gold in a secure vault.
Volatility: The degree of variation in gold prices over time, indicating the level of risk.
Yield: The return on an investment, such as gold, expressed as a percentage.
Allocated Gold: Physical gold held in a specific account and owned outright by the investor.
Annual Percentage Yield (APY): The real rate of return earned on an investment over a year, accounting for compound interest.
Arbitrage: The simultaneous purchase and sale of gold in different markets to profit from price differences.
Assay Certificate: A document certifying the purity and weight of a gold item, issued by an authorized assayer.
Backwardation: A market condition where the spot price of gold is higher than its futures price.
Base Metal: Non-precious metals like copper or nickel, often mixed with gold in alloys.
Benchmark Price: A standardized price used as a reference for trading gold globally, such as the LBMA Gold Price.
Bonds Backed by Gold: Financial instruments secured by physical gold reserves.
Book Value: The accounting value of an asset, such as gold, calculated as the original cost minus depreciation.
Brent Crude Correlation: The relationship between the price of oil and gold, often reflecting economic trends.
Carat: A unit of purity for gold, where 24 carats represent 100% pure gold.
Cash Settlement: The process of settling a gold futures contract without physical delivery of the metal.
Central Bank Gold Reserves: Gold held by central banks as part of their financial reserves to stabilize the economy.
Clearing Fee: A charge applied for processing gold trades through a clearinghouse.
Collateral: Assets, such as gold, pledged to secure a loan or obligation.
Commodity Code: A standardized classification used to identify gold in international trade.
Counterparty Risk: The risk that the other party in a transaction may default on their obligation.
Cryptogold: Digital tokens backed by physical gold reserves, combining cryptocurrency and gold investment.
Day Trading: Buying and selling gold within the same trading day to capitalize on short-term price movements.
Delivery Date: The date on which physical gold is delivered to the buyer under a futures or forward contract.
Depreciation: A decrease in the value of assets, although gold typically appreciates in value over time.
Diversified Portfolio: A mix of different investment assets, including gold, to reduce overall risk.
Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA): An investment strategy of regularly purchasing gold in fixed dollar amounts, regardless of its price.
Exchange-Traded Commodity (ETC): A traded product backed by commodities like gold, similar to ETFs but not a fund.
Fair Value: The estimated price of gold based on market factors and economic conditions.
Fiat Currency: Government-issued money not backed by a physical commodity, often compared to gold.
Forward Contract: An agreement to buy or sell gold at a predetermined price at a specific future date.
Fractional Ownership: Owning a portion of a physical gold bar or other asset.
Gold Bar: A rectangular block of gold refined to high purity and used for investment and trade.
Gold Certificate: A paper document representing ownership of a specific amount of gold.
Gold Lease Rate (GLR): The interest rate charged when borrowing gold, typically from a central bank.
Gold Mining Index: A stock market index tracking the performance of gold mining companies.
Gold Standard: A monetary system where a country’s currency value is directly linked to gold.
Good Delivery: Gold bars meeting LBMA standards for weight, purity, and markings, suitable for international trade.
Hedge Fund: A pooled investment fund that may include gold as part of its diversified strategy.
Implied Volatility: A measure of expected price fluctuations in gold over time, derived from option prices.
Industrial Gold: Gold used in manufacturing processes, such as electronics and medical devices.
Inflation-Indexed Bonds: Bonds adjusted for inflation, often compared to gold as an inflation hedge.
Intrinsic Value: The inherent worth of an asset, like gold, based on its tangible and finite nature.
Margin Call: A demand for additional funds to cover potential losses in a leveraged gold trade.
Monetary Gold: Gold held by governments or central banks for monetary purposes.
Numismatic Coins: Collectible coins with value derived from their rarity and historical significance, in addition to gold content.
Open Interest: The total number of outstanding futures contracts for gold that have not been settled.
Paper Gold: Gold investments, such as ETFs, that do not involve physical ownership of the metal.
Physical Settlement: The delivery of physical gold under a contract, as opposed to cash settlement.
Position Limit: The maximum number of gold contracts a trader can hold on an exchange.
Rehypothecation: Using pledged gold as collateral for another loan or obligation.
Spot Market: The market where gold is traded for immediate delivery and settlement.
Synthetic Gold: Financial instruments that mimic gold's price movements but do not involve the actual metal.
Vaulted Gold: Gold stored in a secure facility, often managed by a custodian.
Agnostic Investment: An approach where decisions are made without bias toward specific assets, such as gold or other commodities.
AISC (All-In Sustaining Costs): A comprehensive measure of the cost to produce gold, including mining, refining, and administrative expenses.
Arbitration Clause: A contractual term outlining the process for resolving disputes, often included in gold trading agreements.
Assay Office: An institution authorized to test and certify the purity of gold.
Asset-Backed Security: A financial instrument backed by physical assets, including gold.
Barter Trade: The exchange of gold for goods or services without involving currency.
Bearer Bond: A fixed-income security where ownership is not registered and can be transferred by possession, sometimes backed by gold.
Bullion Coin: Coins made from precious metals, primarily for investment purposes, with gold being the most common.
Call Option: A financial contract giving the holder the right to buy gold at a specified price within a set timeframe.
Capital Gains Tax: A tax on the profit from selling gold or other investments.
Carrying Cost: The expenses associated with holding a physical gold position, including storage and insurance fees.
Chain of Custody: The documented process of tracking gold from its source (mine) to the final buyer.
Collateralized Loan Obligation (CLO): A loan secured by assets, such as gold, as collateral.
Comex (Commodity Exchange): A division of the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) where gold futures are traded.
Conflict Gold: Gold mined in areas controlled by armed groups or in ways that violate human rights, regulated by the Dodd-Frank Act.
Convertible Gold Bond: A bond that can be converted into gold or cash based on predefined terms.
Cross-Border Trade: Gold transactions that involve buyers and sellers from different countries.
Decoupling: A scenario where gold’s price movement differs from other financial markets or economic indicators.
Deferred Delivery: A trading arrangement where gold is delivered at a future date, often seen in forward contracts.
Derivatives: Financial instruments derived from the value of gold, such as options and futures.
Durable Asset: A long-lasting investment like gold, resistant to wear, tear, or decay over time.
Electronic Gold Receipts (EGRs): Digital certificates representing ownership of physical gold stored in a vault.
Embossing: A technique used to imprint designs or marks on gold products to ensure authenticity.
Equity Mining: Investment in shares of companies involved in gold mining rather than physical gold.
Evergreen Contract: An agreement for gold supply or storage that automatically renews unless terminated by either party.
Ex Works (EXW): A shipping term indicating that the buyer assumes all costs and risks once gold leaves the seller's premises.
Fair Trade Gold: Ethically sourced gold produced under sustainable and fair labor practices.
Forward Rate Agreement (FRA): A financial contract that fixes the price of gold for a future transaction date.
Good Delivery Refineries: Refineries recognized by the LBMA for producing gold bars that meet specific quality standards.
Hoarding: Accumulating gold as a means of storing wealth or for speculative purposes.
Intrinsic Risk: Risks inherent to an asset, such as theft or damage for physical gold.
Lease Rate: The interest rate for borrowing or lending gold.
Liquidity Risk: The risk that a gold asset cannot be quickly converted into cash without significant loss.
Margin Account: An account used by traders to borrow funds for purchasing gold, often requiring collateral.
Monetary Policy Impact: The influence of central bank policies on gold prices and market behavior.
Numismatic Value: The collectible value of a gold coin, based on its rarity, design, and historical significance.
Payable Gold: The amount of refined gold recovered and credited to the account of the seller or miner.
Proven Reserves: Quantified deposits of gold in a mine, confirmed to be economically extractable.
Recovery Rate: The percentage of gold extracted during the refining process.
Refining Margin: The profit margin a refinery earns from processing raw gold into purified products.
Repatriation: The process of returning gold reserves held abroad back to the home country.
Responsible Gold Mining: Practices aimed at reducing environmental impact and ensuring fair labor conditions in gold mining.
Scrip Issue: A corporate action where shareholders are issued additional shares instead of dividends, sometimes backed by gold.
Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGB): Government-issued securities denominated in gold weight, offering an alternative to physical gold investment.
Strategic Gold Reserve: Gold held by a country to ensure financial stability and security.
Unallocated Gold: Gold not assigned to specific owners, held as part of a pool and backed by the issuer’s general assets.
Value-Added Gold Products: Gold items with additional worth due to craftsmanship, design, or branding, such as jewelry.
Vault Audit: An inspection to verify the quantity and quality of gold stored in a vault.
Zero-Coupon Gold Bond: A bond issued at a discount that does not pay periodic interest, with returns tied to gold prices.
Zakat on Gold: An Islamic financial obligation requiring individuals to donate a portion of their gold wealth for charity.
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